{"id":9132,"date":"2022-07-09T00:59:43","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T17:59:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/?p=9132"},"modified":"2022-07-09T00:59:43","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T17:59:43","slug":"mo-hoc-da-thuong-cac-thanh-phan-cua-da-benh-da-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/mo-hoc-da-thuong-cac-thanh-phan-cua-da-benh-da-lieu\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00d4 H\u1eccC DA TH\u01af\u1edcNG – C\u00c1C TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A DA – B\u1ec6NH DA LI\u1ec4U"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG M\u00d4 H\u1eccC DA TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/b><\/h3>\n

Da l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Da ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 1,5 \u2014 4mm; di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l,5m<\/span>2<\/span> \u2014 l,8 m<\/span>2<\/span> \u2014 2m<\/span>2<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u1eb7ng 60kg th\u00ec tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a da kho\u1ea3ng 4 kg. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1 b\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u00f4 m\u1ee1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng da kho\u1ea3ng 15kg.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi th\u1ee5 thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u0129a ph\u00f4i t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 thai ngo\u00e0i; m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 thai trong. \u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e1 thai gi\u1eefa. L\u00e1 thai ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec. L\u00e1 thai gi\u1eefa s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01a1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 trung b\u00ec, h\u1ea1 b\u00ec, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. L\u00e1 thai trong s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. M\u00d4 H\u1eccC DA TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/b><\/h3>\n

Da ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp: th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec, trung b\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 b\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec (epidermis)<\/b><\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u00e0o thai v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 2, g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 4 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 8 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gai (nh\u00fa b\u00ec). Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 8 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eebng h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u1ea3y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 0,lmm, \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 0,8 -l,4mra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eebng (keratinocyte) s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u1ea5t s\u1eebng (protein keratin). T\u00ednh t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec c\u00f3 4 l\u1edbp (l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y, l\u1edbp gai, l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t, l\u1edbp s\u1eebng). Ri\u00eang l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 5 l\u1edbp (th\u00eam l\u1edbp s\u00e1ng).<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1.1. L\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y (stratum basale):<\/b> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, l\u1edbp sinh s\u1ea3n (basal cells): l\u00e0 l\u1edbp s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y. Nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c n\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. Nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0a ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t melanin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, xen gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u00e1ng, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 tua. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 (melanocyte), t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u2014 10% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y). T\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c m\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u1edb l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5v t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Meckel. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n kinh da v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o (desmosome). T\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o (hemidesmosome).<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ed1i thay th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec, Nh\u00ecn chung ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 4 tu\u1ea7n (28 ng\u00e0y) t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i l\u1edbp s\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3y n\u1ebfn, v\u1ea3y ph\u1ea5n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eebng nhanh h\u01a1n (kho\u1ea3ng 3 tu\u1ea7n).<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1.2. L\u1edbp gai (stratum spinosum)<\/b><\/p>\n

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L\u1edbp gai (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nh\u00e0y, l\u1edbp malpighi, l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ea3y). L\u1edbp gai l\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u0111a di\u1ec7n, do c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n l\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft m\u00e0u toan, nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 h\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gai n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t nhau, n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o. c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gai (spinosum), l\u00e0m cho th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0m cho da kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ra ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ed5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc).<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp gai c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 5 – 12 h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbp gai c\u00e0ng d\u1eb9t d\u1ea7n. T\u00f9y t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng da c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 l\u1edbp gai c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau (\u1edf mi m\u1eaft c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3-4 h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u2014 30 h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong l\u1edbp gai c\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u tua (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Langerhans c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n gi\u00e1n ph\u00e2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1.3. L\u1edbp Hat (stratum granulosum)<\/b><\/p>\n

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L\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea1t (granular cells) g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d\u1eb9t h\u01a1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gai. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a (h\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn). Nh\u00e2n d\u1eb9t han do nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7v b\u01a1i c\u00e1c men th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc b\u1ecb v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c, nh\u00e2n s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t. Nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t keratohyalin do m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 keratin (tonofibril) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 to h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1edf l\u1edbp gai. L\u1edbp h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1.4. L\u1edbp s\u00e1ng (stratum lucidum)<\/b><\/p>\n

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L\u1edbp s\u00e1ng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ecfp s\u1eebng g\u1ed3m 2-3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u1ea5t d\u1eb9t n\u1eb1m song song v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t da. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf l\u1edbp s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i. L\u1edbp s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng da kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1.5. L\u1edbp s\u1eebng (stratum corneum)<\/b><\/p>\n

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L\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eebng (horny cells) l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng Ip. L\u1edbp s\u1eebng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed5\u00ec c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d\u1eb9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh s\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ee1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o, tr\u00e1nh nh\u0169ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng da kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u1edbp s\u1eebng d\u00e0y, m\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay. b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1edbp s\u1eebng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng da kh\u00e1c. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eebng ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u00e0 bong ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea3y nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea5n, qu\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gh\u00e9t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec:<\/b><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f3i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c th\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1eb9t d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c n\u1ea7m ngang. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao c\u00e0ng h\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn, cu\u00f4i c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00e1n. C\u00e0ng l\u00e8n cao t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eebng. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch khu tr\u00fa \u1edf li\u00ean gian b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.2. Trung b\u00ec (dermis)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trung b\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng c\u01a1 b\u00e1n). M\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y d\u00e0y ch\u1eebng 0,5 mm. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1eeb trung b\u00ec ng\u1ea5m qua m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ee5\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec v\u00e0 trung b\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng. Ph\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng nh\u00f4 l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gai b\u00ec (hay nh\u00fa b\u00ec, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u1ea7 trung b\u00ec n\u00f4ng). Ph\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai gai b\u00ec (hai nh\u00fa b\u00ec) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0o li\u00ean gai (hay l\u00e0 m\u00e0o li\u00ean nh\u00fa). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– N\u1eeda c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o (hemidermosome). \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gian b\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 500 – 1000 nm, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 keratin (tono\u00ed\u0129lament); s\u1ee3i b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i m\u00e0ng b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c (lamina densa).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– L\u00e1 s\u00e1ng (lamina lucida) d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 20 – 40nm.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– L\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c (lamina densa) d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 30 – 40 nm trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t collagen.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c (sub\u2014lamina densa) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3 vi s\u1ee3i b\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 collagen.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trung b\u00ec g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp:<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.2.1. Trung b\u00ec n\u00f4ng (pap\u00ecl\u1ec9ary dermis<\/b>): \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Tr\u00ean b\u00ea m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gai nh\u00f4 l\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00fa b\u00ec hay gai b\u00ec (papille) \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec. C\u00e1c gai do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft non t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u mao m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00fa b\u00ec c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo v\u00f9ng da. Da \u1edf da l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00fa c\u00f3 khi cao t\u1edbi 0,2 mm, \u1edf da m\u1eb7t th\u00ec l\u1edbp nh\u00fa r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.2.2. Trung b\u00ec ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay c\u00f2n goi l\u00e0 trung b\u00ec s\u00e1u (reticular dermis)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trung b\u00ec ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ S\u1ee3i keo hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i h\u1ed3 (collagen fiber). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, d\u00e0i v\u00e0i micron. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i polypeptid, g\u1ed3m 20 lo\u1ea1i acid amin kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 glvcin v\u00e0 argenin. S\u1ee3i keo c\u00f3 th\u00ea b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u01a1i men collagenase do VI khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u00e0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i keo l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m cho da v\u1eefng ch\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i keo t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf trung b\u00ec s\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u1edf nh\u00fa b\u00ec, nang l\u00f4ng, tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3. tuy\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00f4i, quanh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ S\u1ee3i chun (elastic fiber) (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, nh\u1eb5n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i keo, b\u1eaft m\u00e0u \u0111en khi nhu\u1ed9m b\u1ea1c, b\u1eaft m\u00e0u n\u00e2u khi nhu\u1ed9m accin.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ S\u1ee3i l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f3ng bao quanh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, c\u1ea5u true gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ee3i keo.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ S\u1ee3i li\u00ean v\u00f5ng (reticulum fiber)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i h\u00ean v\u00f5ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o keo, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf trung b\u00ec n\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng nh\u00e0y g\u1ed3m trvptophan; tyrosin; mucopolysaccharid; hyaluronic.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– T\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u01a1 h\u00ecnh thoi ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh am\u00edp, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n to h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t ty l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m da l\u00ean s\u1eb9o.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh sao, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ D\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e0o (mastocyte) tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a heparin, histam\u00ecn, acid hyaluronic.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– M\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, trung b\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u nh\u1ecf t\u1eadp trung \u1edf gai b\u00ec v\u00e0 quanh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1edf da c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n kinh:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y c\u00f3 v\u1ecf my\u00ealin, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh di ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf my\u00ealin ch\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c bao m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n kinh da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1m r\u1ed1i \u1edf h\u1ea1 b\u00ec, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c t\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u gai b\u00ec r\u1ed1i t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7n kinh da c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 Vater Pacini khu tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y trung b\u00ec, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf l\u00f2ng ng\u00f3n tay, chi ph\u00f4i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c (s\u1edd m\u00f3).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 Buffini chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 Krause chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 Golgi \u2014 Mazzoni chi ph\u1ed1i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 Messer chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.3. H\u1ea1 b\u00ec (subcutaneous layer)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ea1 b\u00ec n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa trung b\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e2n c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi trung b\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 b\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1ee1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.4. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.4.1. Tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i (sweat glands)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– C\u1ea7u b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n khu tr\u00fa \u1edf trung b\u00ec s\u00e2u, c\u00f3 hai l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ecf (bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh tuy\u1ebfn).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn qua trung b\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn \u0111o\u1ea1n qua th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1ea1t s\u1eebng.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00f9y v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 620 c\u00e1i\/lcm<\/span>2<\/span>, \u0111\u00f9i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 120 c\u00e1i\/cm<\/span>2<\/span>. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2,5 tri\u1ec7u tuy\u1ebfn. Tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m \u1edf xung quanh tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c trung khu d\u1ecdc t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng, v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 pilocarpin, cholin, adrenalin l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, atropin l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.4.2. Tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 (sebaseous glands)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea1nh nang l\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nang l\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f9m nang tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f9y, m\u1ed7i th\u00f9y g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Trong c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee1. Ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i qua \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1eb7t da.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng d\u00e0i: n\u1eb1m \u1edf da \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u00e2u, l\u00f4ng n\u00e1ch, l\u00f4ng mu. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng t\u01a1: tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3. Tuy tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nang l\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t b\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u1edf m\u1eb7t, tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u1edf da \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7t, ng\u1ef1c, l\u01b0ng, t\u1ea7ng sinh m\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 400 – 900 c\u00e1i\/cm<\/span>2<\/span> da. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 c\u00e1i\/cm<\/span>2<\/span> da. Tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng (h\u1ea1t fordyce) v\u00e0 \u1edf r\u00e3nh quy \u0111\u1ea7u (tuy\u1ebfn tyson) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 qua \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.4.3. Nang l\u00f4ng (hair follicles)<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nang l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5m s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec ch\u1ee9a s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nang l\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m: ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf trong, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, gai l\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u00e1c cho s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– L\u00f4ng nh\u1eb5n hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f4ng t\u01a1: l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tav, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– L\u00f4ng d\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00f4ng nh\u1eb5n. L\u00f4ng d\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng da \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u00f3c); xung quanh mi\u1ec7ng (r\u00e2u), l\u00f4ng n\u00e1ch, l\u00f4ng mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra thai nhi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 m\u1ecbn m\u01b0\u1ee3t, l\u00f4ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u1ee5ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh 2 th\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7m tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec; ph\u1ea7n m\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ec; ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong ch\u00e2n b\u00ec (trung b\u00ec). Ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00e2n b\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ec5 l\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nang l\u00f4ng. Nang l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp: l\u1edbp bao bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i, bao bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 trong v\u00e0 bao x\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i nang l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Mi\u1ec7ng nang l\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng ra m\u1eb7t da.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– C\u1ed5 nang l\u00f4ng (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ec5u nang l\u00f4ng): t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 th\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Bao nang l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0103n s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 b\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m s\u1eebng m\u1ecfng d\u00e0y ch\u1eebng 0,3 \u2014 0,5 \u2014 0,75mm n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng (mu) \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1edd, b\u1edd t\u1ef1 do n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3ng, ba b\u1edd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp da ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1edd sau v\u00e0 hai b\u1edd b\u00ean. B\u1edd sau v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c m\u00f3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u00f3ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng \u1edf b\u1edd sau c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u00e1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ec5 m\u00f3ng. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2rv l\u1ea1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u, h\u00ecnh khum g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00f3ng. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec da \u1edf n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p sau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p b\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c m\u00f3ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u1ec1m m\u00f3ng. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ec5 m\u00f3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp sinh s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp malpighi kh\u00e1 d\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ea7m m\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y m\u1ea7m ra th\u00e2n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1eb9t \u0111i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u00e1 s\u1eebng \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng. B\u1ea3n m\u00f3ng m\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c m\u00f3ng ra b\u00f2 t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u00f3ng m\u1ecdc d\u00e0i ra kho\u00e1ng 0,lmm. M\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n m\u00f3ng tay. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ed5i m\u00f3ng c\u00e0ng m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm. Th\u1eddi gian thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1 m\u00f3ng tay kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng, m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n 6 th\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG M\u00d4 H\u1eccC DA TH\u01af\u1edcNG Da l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Da<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":9134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-da-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9132"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9136,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9132\/revisions\/9136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/easymed.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}